James Muecke

James Sunter Muecke AM CM (born 1963) is an Australian ophthalmologist working in Adelaide, South Australia. He was the 2020 Australian of the Year, having been South Australian of the Year. He was sworn in as South Australia's new Lieutenant Governor on 27 January 2022, succeeding Brenda Wilson.

On 20 January 2022, the Premier of South Australia, Steven Marshall, announced that Muecke would be the state's new Lieutenant Governor, succeeding Brenda Wilson. The role is appointed for a term at the "Governor's pleasure" and acts as vice-regal representative in the Governor's absence.

On being appointed Australian of the Year, Muecke immediately advocated for a tax on sugary drinks in the fight against Type 2 diabetes, which is the leading cause of blindness among Australian adults. He advocated for TV commercials for unhealthy products to be limited to certain hours, and asks supermarket chains to curb their "predatory sales and marketing tactics", without success. Australia Post did remove junk food from their checkouts following a meeting with him. In late November 2020, he gave a controversial speech to the National Press Club outlining what he described as the country's "flawed, biased and unscientific" Australian Dietary Guidelines. He also brought his concerns to the Health Minister Greg Hunt. He was credited by Hunt in the launching of a new ten-year National Diabetes Plan in November 2021. Muecke is also a key contributor to Australian Community Media's "Silent Assassin" series on the causes and consequences of Australia's type 2 diabetes epidemic.

In November 2019, Muecke was named South Australian of the Year for 2020. In January 2020, he was named Australian of the Year for his work in preventing blindness. He had planned to speak at events around the country throughout the year, but the COVID-19 pandemic meant most of his presentations outside Adelaide were delivered online.

In 2016, Muecke had to stop conducting surgeries due to an inherited neurological condition (focal dystonia) impacting use of his right hand.

In the 2012 Queen's Birthday Honours, Muecke was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM). He received the University of Adelaide's Vice-Chancellor's Alumni Award in 2019.

In 2000, Muecke founded Vision Myanmar at the South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology. In 2008, this evolved into Sight For All, a social impact organisation dedicated to fighting the causes of blindness with projects in Aboriginal and mainstream Australian communities, as well as training and equipping eye surgeons throughout Africa and Asia. Muecke is Chair and co-founder of Sight for All. Working with AusAID funding and the co-operation of both country's governments, Muecke created a program to create more than 30 specialist eye centres in Myanmar to treat cataract blindness.

Muecke was born in Adelaide and raised in Canberra. He lived in Washington DC as a child while his father worked for the Australian embassy. He attended Canberra Grammar School from 1976 to 1981. After failing to get into medicine at the University of Sydney by one mark, Muecke returned to Adelaide to study medicine at the University of Adelaide, graduating in 1987. He later trained as an ophthalmologist at the Royal Adelaide Hospital and subspecialty training in eye cancer in London