Kasëm Trebeshina

Some used to view Trebeshina as one of the voices of dissent during the post-World War II era in Communist Albania, claiming that got him arrested three times and proclaimed by the regime as a madman. After the infamous 1997 riot in Albania Trebeshina fled from Albania and migrated to Istanbul, Turkey.

His novel Odin Mondvalsen was translated into German by Hans-Joachim Lanksch, published in Klagenfurt in 1994. His memoirs-essays Dafinat e thara (The dry laurels) were translated in Italian (Italian: Allori secchi) by Edmond Çali, published in Rome in 2007. Furthermore his novel Pylli - Evandri dhe Nausika (English: The forest; French: La forêt) was translated in French by Anne-Marie Autissier and published by L’Espace d’un Instant editions in 2011.

Trebeshina was always supported by the communist secret police Sigurimi. In 1981 they attempted unsuccessfully to save him from being sentenced to prison. 1981 and 1982 were catastrophic for Trebeshina's friends in the secret police Sigurimi, some of them had died, others had been arrested so Trebeshina had lost his old supporters.

He was one of the first writers to write an elegy about Stalin's death. In his poem about Stalin, Trebeshina reinforces the myth of Stalin as Prometheus and father of the world, the main myths of communist propaganda, and points out with admiration that both Albanian dictator Enver Hoxha and Mehmet Shehu are crying for Stalin. Thirty years separate his last publication during the communist regime, the poetry collection Artani dhe Min'ja ose hijet e fundit të maleve (Artani and Minja or the Last Shadows of the Mountains, 1961), with the post-Communist volume of stories Stina e Stinëve (The Season of the Seasons, 1991). His first post-Communist work published came out in Prishtina by the intervention of Martin Camaj. Most of his work was published after the fall of Communism, during the 1990s, which made him free to express his ideas in his works. His literary works include:

After the fall of communism he was proclaimed a dissident based on a letter he supposedly sent to Enver Hoxha in 1953, where he supposedly criticized the method of socialist realism. However the veracity of this claim has been called into question and the letter has been called a fabrication. Albanian writer Ismail Kadare expressed indignation at the attempt of portraying a member of the secret police Sigurimi, as a dissident. According to the writer, part of the blame for spreading the myth of Trebeshina's dissidence is attributed to the albanologist Robert Elsie.

In 1942 he joined the National Liberation Movement during the World War II, during which he was injured badly in February 1944. He fought in the region of Myzeqe and Mallakastër, after the injury he served in Vlora. At this time Trebeshina committed two controversial murders: one without trial and one behind the back. In the last days of the resistance Trebeshina was proposed to join the Department for People's Protection (Albanian name-sake of OZNA), but he did not accept. He continued in the serving as a military officer, being banished at 8 January 1948. During the years 1945-46 he served as assistant judge of Bilbil Klosi in some political cases.

In 1945, the communist dictator Enver Hoxha gave him the rank of First Captain, next to Kadri Hazbiu, Teme Sejko and Nesti Kerenxhi. After the war, he studied at the A. N. Ostrovsky Theatre Institute in Leningrad, but did not remain long. According to Edmond Cali and Nuri Dragoj he left the Ostrovsky Institute due to political quarrels However archival sources have shown he left it due to his desire to return to the Albanian People's Army. After he wrote a letter to Enver Hoxha, he left the Party and later the League of Writers and Artists. He was firstly arrested in 1953 and condemned with three years, yet served only 11 months of his sentence. From 1955 to 1962 he did not work, and refused the jobs offered to him. Although aware that Trebeshina was not working, the communist authorities who in other instances persecuted what they referred to as "parasites", took no measures against him, nor did they pressure him to work. Due to this behavior, in 1962 the authorities finally decided to send him to internment for 5 years, a sentence which he didn't serve in full. Afterwards was interned in Vlorë, Gramsh and Shijak. Then in 1965 he returned to Tirana, where he started a job at the National Library and afterwards at the Naim Frashëri Publishing House as a reviser. He was relocated to irrigation works and since 1975 he stayed jobless according to his investigative file compiled by the Sigurimi. Trebeshina himself said during an interview that he spent 13 years in prison. Some sources claim he was imprisoned for 17 years. However, contrary to what his biographers claim, archival evidence proves that by 1981 he had been in prison for only 11 months. He had also been 2 and a half years in internment. Afterwards he was not released from prison until 1991.

Two of his novels, Rinia e Kohës sonë (The Youth of our Age, 1940) and Mbarimi i një mbretërie (The End of a Kingdom, 1951) were immediately banned. When he was lastly arrested, in his investigation file the authorities labelled his literary work as "amoral".

Kasëm Trebeshina (Berat, 8 August 1926 – Ankara, 6 November 2017) was an Albanian member of national resistance during World War II part of the National Liberation Movement, an actor, translator, communist prosecutor and writer. He was one of the founders of the notorious communist secret police Sigurimi.