Martha Yujra

In her first major action as minister, Yujra endeavored to achieve official State recognition of Bolivia's indigenous chola community. On 27 January 2020, in a ceremony attended by dignitaries of various chola groups, Áñez signed a draft bill commemorating cholas from five departments and the Afro-Bolivian community, recognizing their identities as part of the country's intangible cultural heritage. For her part, Yujra—herself a chola—stated that "with this law, women in polleras are going to have a place that corresponds to us".

Under the slogan "a culture of peace and unity to heal", the Ministry of Cultures and Tourism launched the 2020 carnival celebration. The festival's inaugural act was held at the Viru Viru International Airport, featuring a flash mob of dancers, invited authorities—including Yujra—and other guests, all of whom shared in the festivities inside commercial aircraft. Throughout the celebration, Yujra's ministry worked in partnership with the private sector, seeking to promote tourism to the country.

Two months after her removal from office, in late July, Áñez appointed Yujra to serve as a counselor in the Bolivian Embassy in Quito, Ecuador. Following the snap 2020 general elections and the return to power of the MAS, pro-government sectors from El Alto, La Paz, and surrounding provinces profiled Yujra among their list of more than thirty collaborators in the "coup d'état" of 2019, requesting that the Prosecutor's Office initiate criminal investigations against them. For her part, following her term as a counselor, Yujra retired to her residence in El Alto, affirming that she had no intention of leaving the country or going into hiding: "he who does nothing fears nothing. I have no reason to hide, why hide?"

Despite her removal, Yujra's rival union continued to operate in the city. In the leadup to the 2019 general election, Yujra's COR participated in numerous opposition-led mobilizations, rejecting President Morales's re-nomination to a fourth term, which contravened a 2016 referendum that voted down the abolition of term limits. With the slogan of 21F, Yujra led marches across El Alto, stating that "the Alteño people have joined this fight because democracy also belongs to the Alteños". In January of that year, Yujra participated in a seven-day hunger strike against the president, only lifting the measure at the urgent request of medical staff. During the campaign, she supported the presidential candidacy of Senator Oscar Ortiz, with her faction of the COR becoming a component of his Bolivia Says No (BDN) alliance. BDN nominated Yujra as a candidate for deputy from La Paz, placing her second on its electoral list.

Morales was succeeded by opposition senator Jeanine Áñez, who quickly moved to form an ad hoc cabinet to oversee a caretaker government. On 14 November 2019, two days after assuming office, Áñez appointed Yujra to head the Ministry of Cultures and Tourism. Yujra was the only indigenous member of the Áñez Cabinet, a point she highlighted at her swearing-in ceremony, where she "[committed], as a woman in a pollera, ... to continue fighting for a country united in diversity". In her speech, she also declared that "it is women's time. We are the ones who take the reins of this country"; in its history, Áñez was only Bolivia's second female head of state.

In the final days of her administration, Yujra authorized the grant, on a ninety-year loan, of La Sombrerería Cultural Center to the Central Bank of Bolivia's Cultural Foundation. Located in Sucre, La Sombrerería is the country's largest piece of cultural infrastructure, equipped with multiple theater rooms, a children's museum, and outdoor venues, all capable of housing hundreds of people. The cultural center was inaugurated in October 2019 but remained closed since, coinciding with the political crisis initiated at the time. Yujra considered that the loan—authorized through Supreme Decree N° 4243—would charge more capable officials with maintaining the property, allowing it to finally reopen after months of disuse.

Yujra's definitive break with the COR came in June 2017, when she was declared executive secretary of the COR in a congress she herself convened, challenging the rule of Eliseo Suxo, a former pro-government parliamentarian, who had enacted a series of mechanisms to prolong his term in power. The move split the COR into two factions, with both Yujra and Suxo declaring themselves the legitimate executive secretaries of the entire organization. To this was added a third faction led by Pedro Chinche, affiliated with the Chapetón administration. On 8 December, the COR's pro-government faction expelled Yujra from its ranks, accusing her of making commitments with political parties in violation of the union's statute of neutrality.

Through her activism, Yujra came to be well-known in El Alto, gaining particular notoriety for her vocal criticism of President Evo Morales, a figure typically revered by labor sectors. As such, her positions occasionally put her at odds with the COR, which aligned itself with Morales's party, the Movement for Socialism (MAS-IPSP). In 2015, Yujra actively opposed Mayor Edgar Patana in his COR-supported bid for reelection, stating that his management had set the city back by half a decade. As a representative of the Neighborhood Civic Movement, she signed a political alliance to support the mayoral campaign of Soledad Chapetón, who ultimately denied Patana a second term in that year's municipal election.

In her adolescence, Yujra moved to El Alto, where she studied at the Eduardo Abaroa School, later graduating from the Simón Bolívar Educational Unit. Some time thereafter, Yujra began a lengthy career in trade unionism; in 2000, she joined the Parent Federation before briefly becoming a member of the Bartolina Sisa Federation. Later on, Yujra became an active member of the Regional Workers' Center of El Alto (COR-El Alto), remaining involved in that organization for over a decade. Despite her tenure, she often faced typical patriarchal attitudes from her comrades: "at first, in the COR, my colleagues sent me to the store [even though] I was their peer. Until I stopped and said: women are to be respected". As a member of the COR, Yujra was present during the turbulent period of social unrest that El Alto experienced during the Bolivian gas conflict, which culminated in the fall from power of President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada in October 2003.

Martha Yujra Apaza (born 19 January 1964) is a Bolivian politician and trade unionist who served as minister of cultures and tourism from 2019 to 2020. A prominent trade union leader in El Alto, Yujra was the only indigenous member of the Jeanine Áñez Cabinet and was the final official to head the Ministry of Cultures and Tourism; the institution was abolished during her term. During her tenure, Yujra's office primarily dealt with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cultural sector, devising means of alleviating the economic ramifications of quarantine measures on artisans and entertainers. She subsequently served as a counselor at the Embassy of Bolivia in Quito from July to November 2020. Prior to serving as minister, Yujra gained notoriety for her fierce opposition to the government of Evo Morales. In 2017, she led a breakaway faction of the pro-government El Alto Regional Workers' Center. As its executive secretary, Yujra aligned the union with the Bolivia Says No alliance, running unsuccessfully to represent La Paz in the Chamber of Deputies in the annulled 2019 general elections.

Martha Yujra was born on 19 January 1964 in La Chojlla, a small mining community situated in the La Paz Yungas. An ethnic Aymara by descent, Yujra's mother died when she was seven; consequently, she was raised by her father, a local mineworker. From the age of 17, she was trained in trade union leadership, serving as a student representative in the Chojlla mine. There, she actively rebelled against the traditional machismo gender roles imposed by her community, seeking to pursue a career in the organized labor movement.