Robert K. Trench

He serves as an advisor for the Global Coral Reef Alliance. He retired from academic science in 2000,

In 1994 he was awarded the International Society of Endocytobiology Miescher-Ishida Prize. In 2010 he was awarded the Healthy Reefs for Healthy People Lifetime Achievement Award.

Iglesias-Prieto, R; Trench, RK (1994). "Acclimation and adaptation to irradiance in symbiotic dinoflagellates. I. Responses of the photosynthetic unit to changes in photon flux density". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 113: 163–175. Bibcode:1994MEPS..113..163I. doi:10.3354/meps113163. ISSN 0171-8630.

Iglesias-Prieto, R.; Matta, J. L.; Robins, W. A.; Trench, R. K. (1992-11-01). "Photosynthetic response to elevated temperature in the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium microadriaticum in culture". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 89 (21): 10302–10305. Bibcode:1992PNAS...8910302I. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.21.10302. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 50326. PMID 11607337.

Trench, Robert K.; Blank, Rudolf J. (1987). "Symbiodinium Microadriaticum Freudenthal, S. Goreauii Sp. Nov., S. Kawagutii Sp. Nov. And S. Pilosum Sp. Nov.: Gymnodinioid Dinoflagellate Symbionts of Marine Invertebrates". Journal of Phycology. 23 (3): 469–481. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1987.tb02534.x. ISSN 0022-3646. S2CID 83712799.

In 1984 Trench was awarded a Queen Elizabeth II to move to Australia and study the Great Barrier Reef. He visited the James Cook University, where he analyzed the enzymes in the algae within coral tissues.

Trench moved to the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1976. Trench guided the first detailed research examining the differences in photo physiological capacities of different symbiont species. This work contributed to the characterization of the photosynthetic apparatus of dinoflagellates. By doing so, they found that different species possessed distinct photo physiological adaptations.

Trench became an assistant professor of Biology at Yale University in 1972 before moving in 1976 and joining the staff at University of California Santa Barbara as a professor. While at UCSB he taught a course on the biology and geology of coral reefs as well as a co-instructor for an Invertebrate biology course. He was once quoted about his teaching saying, “I want to teach them how to learn on their own, so that I become irrelevant.” After 28 years he retired from teaching in 2000. His research considered corals and symbiotic algae, with a focus on the adaption of zooxanthellae and how they adapt to different coral environments. He studied dinoflagellates, which can be used as an indicator of water quality.

In 1972, Trench moved to Yale University as an Assistant Professor where his research dissertation was mentored by Luigi Provasoli. Trench built on Provasoli’s work by isolating numerous cell cultures from various hosts. From this, Trench, along with his graduate student Dave Schoenberg, showed that isolated cultures were fundamentally different when grown under the same environmental conditions such as nutrient, light, and temperature. Using karyotypes, they also showed that the genus Symbiodinium sensu late comprised more than just one species.

Some of Trench’s most impactful work is his research on animal-dinoflagellate mutualisms. Trench redefined the global perspective on host/symbiont relationships. During the 1970s and 1980s, the prevailing view on this symbiosis was that the host dominated the relationship and fully controlled the symbiont. Through his research, Trench challenged this mindset and concluded that the symbiont’s attributes are critical to the establishment and maintenance of the symbiotic relationship.

Bob’s roots were a melting pot consisting of indigenous Central American, Spanish, African, and Jewish lineages. As a result he encountered many acts of racism in his years in the United States. On several occasions while at UCSB Trench was stopped and questioned by police because he did not “look like he belonged on campus.” Even more unfairly Bob would have to watch as his white colleagues were given grants for their research as he was told his work was “too interdisciplinary” to receive any grants and was never given a proper review. Regarding this he was quoted as saying “No matter what I do in science, to some people I will always just be a [slur]...” to his long term colleague and friend Tom Goreau Jr. Tom Goreau Jr’s father, Tom Goreau Sr. had been training Bob to be the Director of the Discovery Bay Marine Lab (DBML) after he finished his Post-Doctoral fellowship at Oxford University and could return to Jamaica, when he suddenly died of cancer in 1970. This placed the control of the Director of the DBML in the hands of the British Zoology Department who immediately eliminated Bob from contention as they decided a White man was needed for the position. Despite all of this, Bob was never afraid of vocalizing his experience as a minority and the racial biases that he encountered. He hoped that his responses to these situations would help to inspire future students and peers.

Trench was born in Belize City in British Honduras. Where he was raised by his grandmother and lived in close proximity to the islands along Belize’s barrier reef. As a result would spend a lot of his free time in the water around them which led him to grow close to nature. For school he attended the Jesuit High School in Belize City. He would often cite the education he received there as serving him for the rest of his life. This in combination with his relationship with nature is likely what led to his successful career in marine science. He earned his undergraduate degree at the University of the West Indies. He moved to the University of California, Los Angeles for his doctoral research, where he focussed on invertebrate zoology in the laboratory of Leonard Muscatine. Trench earned his doctorate in 1969 and moved to the University of Oxford as a postdoctoral fellow.

Trench’s first research paper was published in the journal Nature (journal) in 1969 on the topic of photosynthetic animals. It was published while Trench was a post-doctoral scholar at Oxford University but still remains one of his favorites. While research at the time rejected the importance of agal chloroplasts in sea slug, his research disproved this belief. Trench demonstrated that even after being engulfed by the sea slug’s digestive cells, the ingested chloroplasts were still functional. His work showed that the chloroplasts continued to photosynthesize for extended periods of time following engulfment and functioned as “captive” intracellular organelles. The animals reaped the benefits of additional and reliable nutrients from their photosynthetic inhabitants. Trench was awarded the Miescher-Ishida Prize for his innovative work.

Robert Kent Trench (August 3, 1940 - April 27, 2021) was an American Biologist who was a professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. His research considered corals and symbiotic algae, with a focus on the adaption of zooxanthellae. He was awarded the 1994 International Society of Endocytobiology Miescher-Ishida Prize.