Vladimir Kocharovsky

In 2015, Kocharovsky suggested a microscopic theory of critical phenomena in phase transitions, in particular, for the Ising model of ferromagnetism and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). In 2020, he revealed a universality of a matrix permanent for description of major nature's complexities in critical phenomena, quantum information processes in many-body physics, fractal structures and chaos, number theory, and ♯P-hard problems in the theory of computational complexity. Kocharovsky developed an analytical theory of anomalous BEC fluctuations and found a universal structure of the lambda-point in the critical region of BEC for an ideal gas. He also calculated BEC fluctuations outside the critical region for the interacting gas with a homogeneous or inhomogeneous condensate and discussed a challenging problem of their observation that is much deeper than a mean-field level of the many-body statistical physics. In 1988, Kocharovsky suggested a Bragg-Coulomb mechanism of a high-temperature superconductivity.

Kocharovsky has been elected as a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) in 2006. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics since 2016, and has served on the editorial board of the journal Astronomy Letters since 2009.

Kocharovsky proposed a mechanism for particle acceleration through multiple conversions between charged (protons, electrons) to neutral (neutrons, photons) states which could explain the origin of cosmic rays of the ultra-high energies up to 10 eV. He pointed out the inevitable presence and important role of free neutrons in the dynamics and emission of relativistic shock waves and jets in a vicinity of compact astrophysical sources, including a neutrino production in a neutron-proton relativistic wind. He found that a Hawking radiation of primordial black holes is not observable in and above the GeV energy range due to an electromagnetic cascade in an ejected plasma. In 1999, Kocharovsky developed a model of a compact star collapse and a subsequent gamma-ray burst induced by a primordial black hole coming inside the star. He predicted the annihilation cyclotron lines of gamma radiation from a neutron star and developed the theory of the X-ray cyclotron line formation in the atmosphere of a neutron star with due account for a spectral redistribution of photons. Kocharovsky found new classes of the current sheets and filaments with a self-consistent magnetic field in collisionless relativistic plasma and studied the features of multiscale current structures, including turbulent ones, in both cosmic and laboratory plasmas.

Kocharovsky found a negative-energy mechanism of instability in the quantum field theory of a gravity-matter system and discussed its manifestation in a cosmological model. He stated that a similar mechanism of a dissipative instability is responsible for a superradiance and predicted new regimes of superradiant lasing and nonequilibrium phase transitions in an atom-light system. In 1997, he predicted a phenomenon of a collective electron-positron annihilation and an electron-hole recombination. The latter phenomenon has been later observed experimentally. Kocharovsky developed also a method of a phenomenological quantum electrodynamics of active media for an analysis of such collective quantum instabilities in nonequilibrium systems.

Kocharovsky received his Master's degree in Physics and Mathematics from N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Russia in 1978 and Doctoral Degree in Physics and Mathematics from Radiophysical Research Institute in 1986. He was awarded Dr. of Sciences (Habilitation) Degree in Physics and Mathematics by the Highest Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation in 1998 after completing the habilitation thesis titled "Mode superradiance in open resonators and extreme regimes of generation of electromagnetic fields by ensembles of quantum and classical oscillators".

Kocharovsky joined the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1978 as a Researcher, and was promoted to Senior Researcher in 1986, to Leading Researcher in 1996, and became Chief Researcher in 2007. In 2012, he was appointed as a Professor in Advanced School of General and Applied Physics at N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.