Yusuke Nakahara

Since his passing in 2011, contemporary Art historians and critics consider Nakahara a significant figure in Post-1945 Japanese art history and is likened to other esteemed critics of his generation, including Ichiro Haryu, Yoshiaki Tono, and Shinichi Segi.

Nakahara died on March 3, 2011, at 79 from complications related to gallbladder cancer. Until his passing, he held the title of Honorary Director at the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art.

On April 1, 2006, Nakahara was appointed as the Director of the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art; he held this position until his retirement on March 31, 2010. Immediately after his tenure ended, Nakahara was appointed as an Emeritus Director.

Beginning in 2000, Nakahara was one of the founding commissioners of the international art festival Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennale (ETAT). Held every three years in Japan's Niigata region, the festival attracts hundreds of Japanese and international artists to exhibit works that reflect the concept of satoyama (the convergence of people and nature) via environmentally-conscious art and designs.

Upon the opening of the contemporary museum Art Tower Mito in 1990, Nakahara supervised the execution of a groundbreaking exhibition that foreshadowed a rising generation of Japanese artists that would further redefine the art of the 1990s, The Game of Manners - Japanese Art in 1990. The artists in view included Yo Akiyama, Mika Yoshizawa, and Shigeru Nishina.

From 1982 to 1995, Nakahara directed the curation of multiple exhibitions at the Ginza-based LIXIL Gallery whose prominent reputation is grounded in the display of innovative art and architectural designs that blend Japanese craftsmanship with contemporary home aesthetics.

Nakahara briefly served an administrative role as the President of Kyoto Seika University from 1979 - 1981. Founded in 1968, Kyoto Seika's specialization as an Arts university perfectly complemented Nakahara's interest in cutting-edge contemporary art practices given the institution's breadth of programs in Visual Arts, Design, Manga, and Popular Culture.

Nakahara's interest in non-Japanese artists extended into mainland Asia, particularly South Korea. In 1972, Nakahara and his colleagues Yoshishige Saito and Jiro Takamatsu visited South Korea to discover novel approaches to art production that were unique from his previous engagements with Japanese, European, and American artists. He grew enamored with the indigenous movement Dansaekhwa (also spelled as Tansaekhwa), which is a form of monochromatic painting that sought to strip Korean art of any references to Western and Japanese painterly influences. Canvases are absent of any representational figures and they are predominantly occupied with swaths of colorfully abstract brushstrokes and wide planes of solid hues. Derived from traditional Korean ink painting techniques, Dansaekhwa practitioners were interested in the themes of tactility, performance, and spirit as it relates to the physicality of the painted surface. Impressed by the works of Wong Young-Woo, Park Seo-bo, Sun Seung-Won, Hur Hwang, and Lee Dong-Youb, Nakahara exhibited their paintings in Five Korean Artists, Five Kinds of White at The Tokyo Gallery in May 1975. Five Korean Artists was pivotal as the first exhibition of Korean art in Japan and for its focus on a unique form of monochromatic painting. Although Dansaekhwa was not a formally organized art movement but a stylistic trend, it exposed the art world to this once-obscure art style and revealed the creative advancements underway in the Korean Peninsula.

He is perhaps best known as the figure who spearheaded the influential 1970 Tokyo Biennale, Between Man and Matter at the Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum. The exhibition was a watershed moment in Post-1945 Japanese art for its promotion of avant-garde Japanese and international art practices as demonstrated by disparate artists who worked in varying mediums within the then-underrepresented movements of Arte Povera, Conceptual Art, Minimalism, and Mono-ha. The exhibition is seen as a reaction against the concurrent Expo ‘70 in Osaka for embodying the attributes of Japan's Post-World War II economic resurgence and ascension to major world status.

1970 marked an important year for Japanese art as the Expo ‘70 world's fair was held in Osaka to commemorate Japan's Post-World War II exponential economic recovery and rise to major global power status. Although the fair attracted a record-breaking attendance of 64 million people to witness the modern technological, artistic, and cultural marvels of 77 countries (including Japan), Nakahara's organization of the 10th Tokyo Biennale, Between Man and Matter, is perceived as a reaction against Expo ‘70.

Following Between Man and Matter, Nakahara was invited to oversee and manage the Japanese pavilions at multiple international art festivals throughout the 1970s. Of note, he led the Japanese pavilions at two São Paulo (1973 and 1975) and two Venice Biennales (1976 and 1978).

Although Between Man and Matter received mixed reviews from critics in 1970, today's scholars and critics have revisited the exhibition and acknowledged its historical significance in addressing the proliferation of disparate art modes within Japan, Europe, and the United States. Since 2016, Tate Modern possesses multiple works from the 1970 Tokyo Biennale and have them on view in their permanent collection exhibition Materials and Objects.

In 1968, Nakahara partnered with fellow art critic Junzo Ishiko in the curation of the group exhibition Tricks and Visions, which featured 19 artists between two galleries (The Tokyo Gallery and Muramatsu Gallery). Like Nakahara, Ishiko expressed a deep fascination for non-mainstream media as diverse as gadgets and kitsch works. The exhibition addressed the lack of attention surrounding the little studied sub-movement of "tricky art", a style and idea that examines the nature of sight and its susceptibility to encounter visual tricks. Works on view engaged with the relationship between optical illusions and perception via mirrors, trompe l'oeil, and visual distortions. An eclectic range of artists participated to underscore the frequency of "tricky art" across mediums: Jiro Takamatsu, Nobuo Sekine, Yoshinori Suzuki, et al.

Rooms in Alibi: Gentle Criminals was a group exhibition that marked the opening of the Naiqua Gallery in Shinbashi, Tokyo in 1963. With ten participating artists, the exhibition displayed furniture and related domestic items to subtly critique the power and influence of commodity systems and consumerism on Japanese home life. The Conceptualist Genpei Akasegawa and members of the Hi-Red Center were among the artists who featured works in the exhibition.

Recognized as a major proponent of the latest developments in Japanese avant-garde art of the 1960s, Nakahara was simultaneously intent on the promotion and exhibition of international artists who also worked in non-traditional mediums and styles. Solo exhibitions of rising global artists such as the German painter Hans Richter (1966) and the Italian ZERO movement painter Enrico Castellani (1968) at The Tokyo Gallery introduced Japanese spectators to contemporaneous trends in global Modern Art.

In 1955, Nakahara penned his first piece of art criticism that coincided with his research on theoretical physics, "Criticism for creation". The text operates as both a work on art theory and the physical sciences as he expresses disapproval for both the emerging field of cybernetics and the emphasis placed on mechanization as signifiers of scientific and civilization's progress. Contextually, Nakahara's research occurred during an increasing interest in Japanese academia and politics to invest more money and resources into the study of atomic energy and nuclear reactor technology. Colleagues of Nakahara commented in recent years that this text likey demarcated the reasons for why Nakahara shifted his career from the Sciences to the Arts.

In the early 1950s, Nakahara graduated from Kyoto University's Faculty of Science where he studied theoretical physics. During and after his studies, he worked in the laboratories of Kyoto University's Division of Physics and Astronomy as a researcher under the supervision of Hideki Yukawa, a physicist who became Japan's first Nobel Laureate.

In his early writing career from the mid-1950s to the early-1960s, Nakahara wrote extensively on avant-garde Japanese artists and movements, including On Kawara, Anti-Art, and Surrealism.

In recognition of his role as an advisor of the Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennale, the festival organized an exhibition to commemorate Nakahara's contributions to Post-1945 Japanese art history and artistic production. Unveiled in 2012, Nakahara Yusuke Cosmology is a site-specific sculptural installation that reflects the late critic's expansive academic and artistic interests. His over 30,000 book collection is assembled within hundreds of shelves that form a tower-like structure that could be viewed and traversed from both outside and inside the constructed design.

Yusuke Nakahara (August 22, 1931 – March 3, 2011) was a renowned Japanese art critic, curator, scholar, lecturer, university president, art festival organizer, and cultural administrator.

Nakahara was born on August 22, 1931, in Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.