Buddhadeva Bose

Bose studied English language and literature at the University of Dhaka. He was a resident of Jagannath Hall. As a student of Dhaka University, he, along with fellow student Nurul Momen (who later became the Natyaguru), obtained the highest possible marks in the first Binnet Intelligence Test (which later came to be known as IQ test). Only the two of them were able to achieve that distinction. After completing his MA in English there, with distinction marks that remain unsurpassed as of 2007, he moved to Calcutta in 1931. Initially he had no regular job and offered private lessons to earn his livelihood.

He married Pratibha Basu (1914/1915 – 4 October 2006) (née Shome) in 1934. They had three children, Minakshi Dutta (b. 1936), Damayanti Basu Singh (b. 1940) and Suddhashil Bose (1945–1987). Pratibha Basu was an accomplished singer in her teens but later concentrated on literature and became a distinguished writer in her own right.

In his early days in the school in Noakhali, BB with his fellow mates had formed a 'drama group'. No wonder that he took special interest in writing plays. He wrote more than five plays. However, recognition as a playwright came late, after the death of the playwright in 1974. It is Salil Bandyopadhyay of Theatron Theatre Group, Calcutta, who produced some of BB's plays like Tapaswi-O-Tarangini (তপস্বী ও তরঙ্গিণী), Kolkatar Electra (কলকাতার ইলেক্ট্রা) and Anamni Angana (অনাম্নী অঙ্গনা) and drew attention of people to Bose as a playwright. The Hindi translation of BB's Pratham Partha, (প্রথম পার্থ) produced by Circle Theatre Company, has been described to be one of the best presentations on the Delhi theatre. Bose's Kolkatar Electra has been translated into English as Kolkata's Elektra: A Play in Three Acts by Sreejata Guha.

It may sound bizarre that a scholar like BB could write a book on Bengali gastronomy. In fact it was a long essay that BB wrote in the Ananda Bazar Patrika, serialised in 1971 (1–4 January) under the title Bhojan Rasik Bangali (ভোজন রসিক বাঙালি). It is his daughter Damayanti Basu Singh who in 2005 published the essay in the form a small book and herself provided recipes of the dishes referred to by Bose. Damayanti said, "My father, Buddhadeva Bose, was a small man and a frugal eater. He was never greedy for food, but used to be upset if there wasn't a generous spread on the dining table." Quoting Goethe, BB would say, "my eyes are larger than my appetite". So there was always both variety and excess of food even for the daily meals. The essay was translated by BB himself into English and was published in Hindustan Standard, published from Calcutta.

Buddhadeva Bose received the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1967 for his verse play Tapaswi-O-Tarangini, received the Rabindra Puraskar in 1974 for Swagato Biday (poetry) and was honoured with a Padma Bhushan in 1970.

In 1961, BB published a carefully selected collection of poems of the French poet Charles Baudelaire translated by him into Bengali. It was titled Charles Baudelaire O Taar Kobita. In the introduction to the translations, BB made a notable analysis of modernism in Western literature.

Buddhadeva Bose taught at the Ripon College (now Surendranath College) an affiliated college of the University of Calcutta. In 1956 he set up the Department of Comparative literature in Jadavpur University, and was on its faculty for a number of years. He was also a visiting professor at many universities in the United States.

Literally Kavita Bhavan (tr. 'The House of Poetry') is the name of the house at 202 Rasbehari Avenue where BB lived for a long time since 1937 (till 1966). 'Kavita Bhavan' which soon became a coveted hang-out for literary personalities including poets, novelists, magazine editors, publishers, intellectuals and professors, eventually emerged as a publishing house. After settling in Calcutta in 1931 Bose realized there was hardly any publishing house that was eager to publish a book of poetry. He himself published two poetry books, one of his own and the other of Achintyakumar Sengupta. Then he introduced a publishing house styled Granthakar Mandali. However, books published later on by BB carried the name Kavita Bhavan as the publishing house. Books published from Kavita Bhavan included BB's Kankaboti (কঙ্কাবতী), Padatik (পদাতিক) of Subhas Mukhopadhyay, Koyekti Kobita (কয়েকটি কবিতা) of Samar Sen and Avijnan Basanta (অভিজ্ঞান বসন্ত) by poet Amiya Chakravarty. While Kavita Bhavan published many other books, the most remarkable was the slim poetry books of the 'Ek Poyshay Ekti' (এক পয়সায় একটি) series. These were 16-page poetry books, the price being 1 rupee (=16 poysha). The series continued for three years from 1942 to 1944 and published as many as 18 poetry books. The first version of Banalata Sen (বনলতা সেন) by Jibanananda Das belonged to this series, sponsored by Bose.

Four years after migrating from Dhaka to Calcutta in 1931, BB again embarked upon publishing a literary magazine. He was then living in Golam Mohammad Mansion in Calcutta city. The first issue of the Kavita (কবিতা) was published from there in the month of October 1935. For the first two years, Kavita was co-edited by Bose and Premendra Mitra while poet Samar Sen worked as an assistant editor. Kavita was a poetry magazine styled after the Poetry published by Harriet Monroe from Chicago. While discussing Bengali poetry, Edward Thompson referred to the first issue of Kavita in the Times Literary Supplement of 1 February 1936. Kavita continued for twenty-five long years. Its last issue was brought out in March 1961.

While a student he became associated with the famous poetry magazine Kallol (কল্লোল). The modernist literary movement of the 1930s is often referred to as the Kallol era. He also worked as an editor of the literary magazine Pragati (started 1926).

His first book of poetry, namely, Bandir Bandana (বন্দীর বন্দনা) was published when he was only seventeen years old. Although he worked as a teacher at different colleges and universities, he devoted his whole life to literature. This is symbolized by the name of his residence in Calcutta which was Kavita Bhavan (tr. 'The House of Poetry'). His first novel, Saara (সাড়া), was published when he was 18, in 1930. He wrote more than 40 novels, but his epic novel Tithidore (তিথিডোর), published in 1949, became his most admired novel and is now considered a classic. He published more than 160 titles during his lifetime. So far 200 books have been published. However, many pieces remain to be anthologized as yet. He was a hard worker and writing was his life. He began his day at 9 in the morning and would regularly work until 10 at night. Work, for him, meant writing.

BB actively participated in the Progressive Writers' Association in the late 1930s. He also joined the Anti-Fascist Writers and Artists' Association in the early 1940s.

The Pragati (প্রগতি) was first published as an occasional hand-written literary journal. The print-version was launched as a literary monthly in 1929 when BB received a monthly scholarship of 20 rupees for distinctive result in the pre-university examination. The first issue was the June–July issue of 1927. Cost of publishing a literary magazine was estimated to be 100 rupees per month. So, BB organized a group of ten like-minded fellows who agreed to pay ten rupees a month for publishing the Pragati. The Pragati was published from Dhaka. At that time BB was residing at 47 Purana Paltan which became the office of the Pragati. BB distinguished himself by his commitment to modernity as reflected in the post-first-World War western literature. At the same time he firmly asked his colleagues to refrain from following Rabindranath Tagore and to cultivate their own creativity. He published a number of poems of the poet Jibanananda Das in Pragati. Also, he published a highly appreciative article on this promising poet to draw attention of the literary circle. The Pragati was continued for about two years. The last issue was published in 1929.

Buddhadeva Bose (Bengali: বুদ্ধদেব বসু; 1908–1974), also spelt Buddhadeb Bosu, was an Indian Bengali writer of the 20th century. Frequently referred to as a poet, he was a versatile writer who wrote novels, short stories, plays and essays in addition to poetry. He was an influential critic and editor of his time. He is recognised as one of the five poets who moved to introduce modernity into Bengali poetry. It is said that since Rabindranath Tagore, there has not been a more versatile talent in Bengali literature.