Eleanor Maccoby

At age 99, Maccoby wrote a book-length account of her life. She turned 100 in May 2017 and died at the age of 101 on December 11, 2018.

It is with no surprise that Maccoby would be recognized and awarded with several awards for her contributions to child psychology. She was elected as president of the Western Psychological Association and the American Psychological Association's division of Developmental Psychology. Eleanor was awarded the G. Stanley Hall award in 1982 and the American Psychology Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996. Division 7, better known as the Developmental Psychology department, presents an award in her name known as the Maccoby Award. The recipients will be awarded due to their important contributions in developmental psychology. December 11, 2018 at the shocking age of 101 years old, Eleanor Emmons Maccoby had lost her battle to pneumonia. Her impact that she had on child psychology and developmental psychology have changed psychology as we know it today due to her countless publications she had completed that include her research and findings.

Nominees for this award must be the author of their profound book, not just the editor. The book must have been published within two years of the nomination and meet the requirements laid out by the American Psychological Association, as mentioned above. Though this award was named for Eleanor Maccoby, she was not the first recipient of it. The first winners were Harold Fishbein and Lois Bloom in 1996, followed by Jerome Bruner in 1998 and Gilbert Gottlieb in 1999. After these four profound authors were honored, Maccoby eventually won her self-titled award in 2000.

In 1992, Eleanor's husband, Nathan, died of a heart attack at the age of 80. They were married for 54 years and had five grandchildren.

During the 1990s, Eleanor Maccoby had begun to center her focus and research on the impact that divorce has on children. The research on divorce on children had been a longitudinal investigation with looking into the effect that divorce had on families. This then prompted Maccoby to write two more books on the topic. The books include, Dividing the Child with the co-author of Robert Mnookin and Adolescents After Divorce with the co-author of Christy Buchanan and Sanford Dornbusch. While some of her best known publications completed by Eleanor Maccoby date back to the late 1950s, one of her earliest publications were focused on child development known as Patterns of Child Rearing published in 1957. This book quickly outgrew her large-scale study on child rearing which helped serve as early work with examining the parent-child relationship.

During that time, she served as president of the Western Psychological Association from 1974 to 1975. She then went on to be elected president of the Society for Research in Child Development from 1981 to 1983. She won numerous prestigious awards.

Throughout her career, Maccoby was recognized for her work in psychology. She was elected president of Division 7 of the American Psychological Association from 1971 to 1972. From 1973 to 1976, she was the first woman to ever serve as chair of the Psychology Department at Stanford.

Maccoby earned her M.A and Ph.D. from the University of Michigan where she worked under B. F. Skinner. She also did her dissertation research in Skinner's Harvard laboratory. Maccoby continued her psychology career at Stanford University, where she served as a professor, member and chair of the department of psychology and conducted various research. Her research resulted in multiple publications with her most recognized publication being her book, The Development of Sex Differences (1966). Maccoby has received numerous awards for her work; however, in 2000 Maccoby was named the first-ever recipient of an award named in her honor, which was The Maccoby Award. The American Psychological Association listed Maccoby as number 70 out of 100 for the most eminent psychologists of the 20th century.

Other work Maccoby completed at Stanford University consisted of organizing a yearlong faculty seminar on sex differences and edited the book that emerged from this seminar (The Development of Sex Differences, Maccoby, 1966). Maccoby also was involved in a Social Science Research Council that focused on socialization.

In 1958, Eleanor and Nathan were offered jobs at Stanford University. Nathan worked in the Communications Department and Eleanor worked in the Psychology Department teaching child psychology.

In 1958, Maccoby and her husband were offered faculty positions at Stanford University. Her research has taken multiple different approaches throughout her career at Stanford University. In 1974, Maccoby and her colleague Jacklin published their research on sex differences in Maccoby's most well known book, The Psychology of Sex Differences. In 1980, Maccoby began a large-scale longitudinal study evaluating parent-child relationships before, during, and after parental divorce; since 1980, Maccoby has published her book, The Two Sexes, in 1998 and has continued working towards increasing the knowledge and understanding of child development and sex differences. Maccoby is credited to having well over one hundred publications, making her one of the most influential child development/social psychologists.

Eleanor and Nathan adopted three children. Their first child, Janice Maccoby, was adopted in 1952. Four years later they adopted their second child, Sarah Maccoby, and soon after their third child, Mark Maccoby. Eleanor Macoby assumed most of the unpaid work of the family, working in her paid employment part-time, postponing publishing anything for five to six years during this time so she could spend more time with her children.

Maccoby was given the opportunity to work with B.F. Skinner. Maccoby had completed all the requirements for her PhD except the dissertation. B.F. Skinner offered to let Maccoby use his automated data recording equipment in his laboratory at Harvard University. She then completed her dissertation research on an operant conditioning study involving pigeons. Within the following year, Maccoby was able to earn her PhD from the University of Michigan (1950).

Completing her dissertation at Harvard University opened many career and research opportunities for Maccoby. Maccoby served as a professor and researcher at Harvard University from 1950 to 1957. Maccoby's most known research while at Harvard University was a research study that resulted in the book, Patterns of Child-Rearing (Sears, Maccoby, & Levin, 1957). A coworker, Robert Sears was in the process of planning a study of socialization practices and their relation to personality development in young children and offered Maccoby to assist with the study.

While attending the University of Washington she majored in psychology and studied with Edwin Guthrie. While studying with Guthrie, Maccoby was intrigued by his contiguity-based stimulus-response learning theory. She earned her M.A. from the University of Michigan in 1949. The end of the World War II led to vast advancements in medical research as well as a new understanding of the importance of mental health and developmental psychology. Eleanor E. Maccoby started her career in child development after World War II ended by working in Boston before completing her PhD at the University of Michigan.

Eleanor Maccoby earned her bachelor's degree in 1939 from the University of Washington. She earned her master's degree in 1949 and her doctorate degree in 1950 from the University of Michigan.

After completing her secondary education, Maccoby attended Reed College for two years, where she was exposed to behaviorist psychology. Maccoby then transferred to the University of Washington where she received her B.A. (1939).

In 1934 she moved to Portland, Oregon, where she attended Reed College for two years. After those first two years she moved to Seattle, Washington and attended the University of Washington, where she met her husband, Nathan Maccoby. They courted for one year then married in 1938. Nathan was a psychology graduate student. In 1940, Eleanor moved with her husband to Washington, D.C., where he had a job at the US Civil Service Commission. They remained in Washington, D.C. till 1947 when they moved to Michigan.

Eleanor Emmons Maccoby (May 15, 1917 – December 11, 2018) was an American psychologist who was most recognized for her research and scholarly contributions to the fields of gender studies and developmental psychology. Throughout her career she studied sex differences, gender development, gender differentiation, parent-child relations, child development, and social development from the child perspective.

Eleanor Emmons was born on May 15, 1917. She was the second oldest of four daughters born to Eugene and Viva Emmons. Maccoby's mother was a singer/musician and her father owned a small business in Tacoma, Washington.