Giovanni Leone (geophysicist)

In 2016, Leone found a confirmation of this hypothesis with the discovery of 12 volcanic alignments in the southern hemisphere of Mars, just as the 3D model had predicted. His observations of large Martian canyons and networks of lava channels from volcanoes, together with the presence of olivine unaltered since the Noachian, are challenging past visions of a hot and humid Mars with an Earth-like environment.

In 2014 Leone proposed that the Valles Marineris on Mars was formed by lava and not water. In the same year, he published the results of his 3D computer simulations showing that the Martian dichotomy was formed by the Great South Polar Impact as an alternative hypothesis to the Great North Polar Impact. Some 2D models of the Large South Polar Impact were already developed by other authors since 2006.

In 2013, Leone named the following volcanic centres on Mars, names later approved by the Solar System Nomenclature Working Group: Aonia Mons, Aonia Tholus, Electris Mons, Eridania Mons, Sirenum Mons, Sirenum Tholus.

In 2007 Leone received his PhD from Lancaster. In 2008. he was invited by NASA to the Jet Propulsion Lab for a seminar on the volcanism of Io, the main research topic of his PhD thesis on the Galileo mission to Jupiter. In the following years, he decided to take another PhD at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich to complete his knowledge of planets from surface to core.

In 1996 Leone began his first doctorate at the University of Lancaster in the United Kingdom under the supervision of Professor Lionel Wilson. In 1997, he changed his enrolment at Lancaster University to part time and returned to Palermo. In 2001, he had the opportunity of a research grant at the University of Lecce in Italy to work on the preliminary studies of the Spirit mission to Mars in collaboration with NASA's Ames Research Center.

In 1993, after obtaining his degree in Geological Sciences, Leone co-authored and presented two programmes on a local TV station in Palermo, Canale 21, entitled "A come Astronomia" and "Nova", answering questions from the public live. These were the years when he began to have his first doubts about the existence of water on Mars.

Leone spent his first six years in Agrigento.after which his family moved to Palermo. As a child he soon showed a strong interest in science and astronomy. At the age of 15, his father gave him a portable Newton telescope with a diameter of 114 mm, with which he began to observe the sky both from his home and from the Madonie mountains with his childhood companion, the astrophotographer Carmelo Zannelli. Together they observed Halley's comet during the 1986 passage.

After graduating from highs school in 1986,, Leone began to focus his interest on the planets of the solar system, with particular attention to the rocky planets. This interest led him towards the study of Geological Sciences, thanks to which he could tackle the study of the internal structure of the planets. So, he decided to enroll in a course of Geological Sciences at the University of Palermo, specializing in geophysics.

Giovanni Leone (10 February 1967 in Agrigento, Italy) is an Italian geophysicist and volcanologist. His main activity is the study of planetary geology and volcanology of the solar system.