Hilda Weiss

In October 1935 Weiss married Louis Rigaudias, a French Trotskyist leader. They divorced in 1938. She married Joseph P. Parker, officially on 6 April 1955; however, a number of letters suggest this marriage took place in summer 1950. Parker died in a car accident on 6 February 1958.

Hilda Weiss was Jewish, so with the rise of Nazism it was extremely dangerous for her to stay in Germany. She decided to leave for Switzerland in April 1933. Just before she boarded a train, a dining car waiter recognised her and attracted her attention. It turned out that he had also worked at Zeiss. He helped her to escape, concocting cover stories whenever she was approached by German police (which by then were controlled by the Nazis). She arrived safely in Basel. After a brief time in Geneva, she moved onto Paris. Then, in 1939 at the start of World War II, she escaped to the United States.

In 1930, Erich Fromm was given responsibility for directing a large empirical survey of workers' conditions in Germany. The survey was "largely carried out" by Weiss and involved distributing questionnaires to 3,300 participants. It is likely that Weiss was influenced by a questionnaire developed by Karl Marx in 1880 which she uncovered whilst working in an archive. Friedman notes that:

Weiss was one of the first doctoral students at the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt, joining in 1924. She wrote her thesis on a comparison of the Zeiss optical factory, based on her personal experiences working there, and the Ford Motor Company in Detroit. Her main interest was in the differential impact of the ideologies of Ernst Karl Abbe, the founder of Zeiss, and Henry Ford.

Hilda Weiss (29 August 1900 – 29 May 1981; alternatively Hilde Weiss, Hilde Rigaudias-Weiss, Hilda Weiss Parker, Hilde Weiß) was a sociologist, trade unionist, and socialist. She lived in Germany until 1933 when Hitler came to power, then escaped to France. In 1939 she emigrated to the United States and lived there until her death in 1981.