Ichiki Tatsuo

Following his death, during a 1958 visit to Japan, Sukarno delivered a letter to Shigetada Nishijima as a tribute for Tatsuo and Yoshizumi. A small monument was then erected at Seisho-ji temple of Minato, Tokyo, with the following inscription:

Ichiki Tatsuo (䝢㲳֛) (1906 – 9 January 1949) was a Japanese journalist who defected to Indonesia and participated in the Indonesian National Revolution.

Tatsuo was killed on the front lines, in the village of Arjosari to the southeast of Malang, during the surprise offensive Operation Kraai conducted by the Dutch on 9 January 1949. He was shot in the forehead: according to testimonies from his comrades, Tatsuo had charged towards the Dutch soldiers in what appeared to be an attempt to motivate the guerilla fighters.

After his defection, Tatsuo summarized and translated the Japanese Army's tactics handbook to Indonesian, and became an adviser at the new army's intelligence school. In the revolutionary armed forces, he helped in the establishment of a Japanese unit in the Indonesian National Armed Forces, and he was placed in command of a guerilla detachment consisting of Japanese defectors (named Zanryu Nihon-hei i.e. "Japanese soldiers who stayed behind"). He was active in East Java, namely to intercept Dutch troops in the road between Malang and Lumajang. The detachment also contained other non-soldiers such as Tomegoro Yoshizumi, who died in 1948.

By 1941, the relations between Japan and the western countries had deteriorated further, with embargoes against Japan and increased talk of a war in the south. Tatsuo became involved in preparations for an invasion of Java, being attached to the propaganda group of the Sixteenth Army on December. Following the successful invasion, the military Japanese authorities enforced tight political restrictions against Indonesian independence, which disappointed Indonesian nationalist leaders and Japanese sympathizers such as Tatsuo. On one occasion, Tatsuo wrote "Long Live Indonesia", an Indonesian nationalist song which was performed during a "Greater East Asian Culture Association" founding ceremony – in violation of the ban on such songs. Prior to the invasion, Tatsuo had participated in a choir singing "Indonesia Raya" conducted by Kosaku Yamada.

As Tatsuo was in contact with Indonesian nationalist leaders, he became a target of surveillance from Dutch authorities following the increase of tensions between the countries in the buildup to the Pacific War. In August 1938, Tatsuo went to Tokyo to discuss a publication project he planned, but was not allowed to return to Java due to his involvement in an affair where the Japanese attempted to purchase a newspaper to counter anti-Japanese coverage. Due to this, he proceeded to obtain part-time employment in the Japanese Foreign Ministry as a research staff member. During his time back in Japan, he married a distant cousin living in Tokyo.

After 6 years in Palembang, Tatsuo moved to Bandung in Java in 1933 to work at a different photo studio. His brother Naohiro, who followed him to Palembang, had gone there earlier, but died in Bandung. However, he left the studio in under a year. He then found employment as a bus conductor, but before long left the job and stayed with Iti, a local woman whose family lived in the nearby town of Sumedang. During this time, he worked on a Japanese-Indonesian dictionary, translated Japanese articles for local newspapers, and kept himself updated on the political situation back in Japan.

In 1927, at the age of 21, Tatsuo left his middle school and began training as a photographer in Ōita Prefecture. Soon afterwards, he moved to Palembang following an invitation from a friend to work in a photo studio owned by Miyahata Seiichi, one leader of the Palembang Japanese community. Throughout his time in the city, he would write letters to his mother describing the Indonesians as "lazy" and the Chinese community there as "dirty". Eventually, however, he adopted Indonesian habits and made friends with locals.

Ichiki Tatsuo was born in a small town named Taraki in Kumamoto Prefecture of Southern Kyushu in 1906. He was the third of six children and while the family were poor, was a descendant of medieval feudal lords. His parents divorced during his childhood and Tatsuo's mother adopted Catholicism, with Tatsuo being baptized at age 5 and receiving the baptismal name Sebastian. He grew up during the transition from the more democratic Taishō period to the totalitarian early Shōwa period.