Maryat Lee

Lee used local people in her productions in both New York and West Virginia. She believed that by teaching untrained actors for the first time, she could "bring out the hidden person underneath the roles and masks that society imposes." In a 1984 article in the precursor of Whole Earth Review, she wrote: "The words 'acting' and 'actor' have an association with pretension for most people outside the theater. I want something different. I just want people simply, and not so simply, to be themselves." She liked to quote Lope de Vega on the essence of theatre: "Three planks, two actors, and a passion". Her brother John described this and the use of oral histories as making her theatre "close to ecology".

In 1970 she moved to Powley Creek, near Hinton, West Virginia, and in 1975 founded the Eco Theater, for which she developed plays out of oral histories. In 1984 she incorporated the Eco Theater and moved to Lewisburg, where she taught her methods to enable it to spread as a theatre movement. She died from heart disease at her home there. Her papers are in the Regional and History collection at the West Virginia University library.

In 1965, when the street theatre movement was becoming popular, she founded the Soul and Latin Theater, known as SALT, in East Harlem, and taught street theatre classes at The New School.

Lee married an Australian furniture designer and artist, David Foulkes Taylor, in 1957; he died in 1965. She was however openly lesbian or bisexual. She was a friend of Flannery O'Connor (who sent her drafts of her work for comments and suggestions), and exchanged many letters with her. Her sexuality has been used to argue that O'Connor was also lesbian, but the idea is generally rejected.

Lee was a pioneer of street theatre in the 1950s. On a commission from the Parish Council, she wrote and produced Dope!, a one-act play about drug abuse that William French calls "the original modern street play"; it was performed in 1951 in a vacant lot in Harlem, the action including a junkie "shooting up" on stage. It attracted much press attention, and was named one of the best plays of the 1952–53 season; it continued to be widely performed for two decades. In 1970 two actors who had been in productions of the play died from heroin overdoses. During the 1950s she also worked with Jacob L. Moreno at his Institute of Psychodrama.

Lee was born in Covington, Kentucky; her father, Dewitt Collins Lee, was a lawyer and businessman, and her mother, Grace Dyer, was a musician. After graduating from the National Cathedral School she studied drama at Northwestern University, but found it too "artificial" and "commercial"; she transferred to Wellesley College, where she graduated with a degree in religious studies in 1945, then did graduate study at Columbia University and received an MA from Union Theological Seminary with a thesis on the religious origins of drama. At one point she worked for Margaret Mead.

Maryat Lee (born Mary Attaway Lee; May 26, 1923 – September 18, 1989) was an American playwright and theatre director who made important contributions to post-World War II avant-garde theatre, pioneering street theatre in Harlem and later founding the Eco Theater, which developed drama productions out of oral histories in Appalachia.