Mohamed Lemine Ch'bih Ould Cheikh Melainine

Following his release Ould Chheikh Melainine lived quietly in Noukachott, although he became involved in politics against after President Taya was overthrown in a coup d'état. He ran in the 2007 presidential election, although garnered only a fraction of the vote; 2,111 votes, or 0.28%.

Following his near overthrow in the attempted coup on the 8/9 June 2003, President Taya attempted to give the appearance of increasing tolerance for the political opposition. As a result, Ould Cheikh Melainine was released, along with his two co-detainees, on 23 August 2003. By this point Ould Cheikh Melainine had served approximately half of his sentence.

There were fears over Ould Cheikh Melainine's fate after he fell seriously ill in February 2002 at the prison where he was being held. In response he was moved to a hospital in Ayoun et Atrous until he had recovered, at which point he was returned to prison.

On 8 April 2001 Ould Cheikh Melainine, along with fellow FP members ukhtar Ould Haibetna and Bouba Ould Hassan were arrested. The trio were held incommunicado for the next 30 days and were charged with conspiring to overthrow the government, plotting acts of terrorism, plotting to kidnap businessmen, and of taking illegal political funds from Libya. The Taya government often accused its opponents of collusion with Libya, which was then still under Western sanctions. The accusations against the three were met with widespread anger and disbelief, both domestically and internationally. At times, opposition to the arrests took the form of violent protests, which required massive police intervention. Many defense lawyers inside and outwith Mauritania offered to help the trio, although government intervention in the trial made this difficult, with the trial itself being moved on 10 May 2001 some 850 kilometers from Nouakchott to the remote town of Ayoun el Atrous. Ould Cheikh Melainine was given only limited access to his lawyers, and Moussa Maiga, a Malian lawyer who had travelled to Ayoun el Atrous to take part in the defense team, was forced to leave Mauritania. Offers of legal help also came from France, Mali, Morocco, and Senegal.

The trial of Ould Cheikh Melainine and took place from 12 to 14 June 2001. The prosecution didn't offer any physical or circumstantial evidence, with the focus being on confessions given by the three, as well as oral testimony from two government informants, who were deemed non-credible by independent experts. The defence also claimed that the confessions had been only given under duress, and that Mauritanian police had drugged the defendants during their interrogation.

In 1998 Ould Cheikh Melainine founded the Popular Front. The party centered around a commitment to the establishment of a civil state, access of all political parties to the media, the separation of the Mauritanian state and the Democratic and Social Republican Party of President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, and the creation of a national unity government chaired by the opposition. The front was initially mainly distinguished by its policy of non-participation in elections under the Taya government.

Following the completion of his education Ould Cheikh Melainine went on to serve at Mauritania's Ministry of Mining from 1976 to 1981, working on plan's relating to the development on industry in Mauritania. In 1981 he became the director of research at the Mauritanian National Development Fund. He 1981 and 1982 he also served as an adviser to the fisheries-related Société des frigorifiques de Mauritanie (SOFRIMA), and went on to serve from 1983 to 1986 as a presidential consultant on fisheries policy.

Mohamed Lemine Ch'bih Ould Cheikh Melainine (born 12 December 1951) is a Mauritanian politician. He has also served as the leader of the Qadiriyya Islamic brotherhood.

Ould Cheikh Melainine was born in Atar, then part of the French Colony of Mauritania, on 12 December 1951. He received his primary and secondary education in Mauritania, before travelling to France for higher studies. He received his bachelors, master's, and doctoral degrees from the University of Nancy in the late 1960s and early 1970s. During his youth Ould Cheikh Melainine seemingly had some Marxist inclinations.