Rafik Yousef

A conspiracy theory claiming that Yousef is still alive and active began in Italy before spreading to Germany and then to the English-speaking world. It specifically purported that Yousef is "Paul H.", the name given to the as-of-yet unidentified suspect of a fatal knife attack at Grafing station in Grafing, southern Germany, on 10 May 2016. Conspiracy theorists also claimed that Yousef's name had been changed as part of a cover-up.

In 2004, Yousef and two other Iraqis, Ata R. and Mazen H., planned to assassinate Iraq's then-current Prime Minister, Ayad Allawi, while he visited Germany. The assassination was planned to take place during an appearance by Allawi in Berlin at Deutsche Bank on 3 December 2004.

The three were among more than 20 alleged affiliates of Ansar al-Islam, a radical Islamist group linked to al-Qaeda, arrested in Europe in 2004 as security officials asserted that the group was sneaking trained operatives into Europe to carry out attacks.

The three were convicted of plotting to assassinate Allawi, and sentenced to prison. They were arrested separately on 3 December 2004. Yousef served an eight-year sentence and was freed in 2013, but he was required to wear an electronic leg tag. According to Bild newspaper, the tag had been removed only hours before attacking the police officer in 2015.

Rafik Mohamad Yousef (27 August 1974 – 17 September 2015), also known as Rafik Youssef, was an Islamist terrorist who was tried and convicted for plotting to assassinate the Prime Minister of Iraq during his visit to Germany in 2004, served time, and, after being released from prison, was shot and killed when he attacked a German police officer with a knife in Berlin on 17 September 2015.