Walter E. Bezanson

The 1991 Northwestern-Newberry edition incorporates the Hendrick's House notes along with later findings and prints Bezanson's Introduction intact.

Over several decades Bezanson found evidence and developed arguments that Melville based the character Vine on Nathaniel Hawthorne In 1960, Bezanson published the results of his several decades of study in the Hendrick's House edition of Clarel, which included extensive notes and annotations. The Introduction is a history and critical study of the work. The review in New England Quarterly praised the edition, saying "Every now and again a book appears that is destined not only to modify previous criticism but also to stimulate renewed interest in a great man and a great work". The edition "rescues Melville from himself" for he made nothing easy for the reader. Newton Arvin, reviewing it in Hudson Review wrote that the "long and searching Introduction" is the "most thorough and penetrating treatment Clarel has ever had."

He joined the English Department of Rutgers University and taught there for 35 years. He was a founding member and three-time president of the Melville Society, which established the Walter Bezanson Memorial prize in his honor. He was awarded a Fulbright professorship in Belgium and Ford Foundation Faculty Fellowship 1952-1953

Bezanson's lengthy essay, "Moby-Dick as a Work of Art," delivered in 1951 as a talk at Oberlin College to mark the centennial of the American publication of Moby-Dick, was the first to treat Ishmael as what he called the "enfolding sensibility of the novel, the hand that writes the tales, the imagination through which all matters of the book pass." Most earlier critics had placed Ahab at the center of the work, assuming that Ishmael was merely narrating, rather than struggling with the events as he later recalled them. Bezanson saw two Ishmaels, an earlier Ishmael who witnessed the events, and Ishmael the later writer. The essay was reprinted in the Norton Critical Edition of Moby-Dick in 1961 and in following editions, which Hershel Parker calculated must be more copies than any other academic essay on Moby-Dick. The article is widely cited.

Bezanson graduated from Needham High School in and received his undergraduate from Dartmouth College. He then joined a group of graduate students at Yale University who worked under Stanley Williams, who encouraged them to explore the then neglected works and life of Herman Melville. He left graduate school to become a lieutenant and an instructor in the U.S. Naval Air Force, 1943–46. He was on the aircraft carrier Intrepid off the coast of Japan when the war ended. He taught in the English Department at Harvard for three years, but was attracted to the greater freedom and opportunity to build new programs at Rutgers University, where he taught for the next 35 years.

Walter E. Bezanson (June 19, 1911 Needham, Massachusetts – February 5, 2011 Saint Paul, Minnesota ) was a scholar and critic of American literature best known for his studies of Herman Melville and contributions to the Melville revival that restored the writer to prominence in the 1940s and 1950s. Bezanson's research and editorial work rescued from neglect Mevlille's unappreciated epic poem, Clarel, and he published essays on Moby-Dick that were widely cited and reprinted.

Melville's epic poem, Clarel was hardly noticed by reviewers or the public when it was published in 1876. The poem is 18,000 lines long, full of now unfamiliar allusions, and the verse is "tight, gnarled, and rugged," says Melville's early biographer Newton Arvin, and much of it depends on complex allusions to the Bible, history, and geography, and its play of thought is "intricate, elusive, sometimes shadowy". Melville's first biographers largely dismissed Clarel because they thought Melville ended his career in the 1850s when his novels were poorly received. Poetry, in that view, was a hobby, and Melville a genius neglected by crass society. Bezanson and his cohort of scholars in the Melville revival set out to disprove what they saw as this romantic view. Melville scholar and biographer Hershel Parker wrote that among the new generation Bezanson was the scholar who set out to understand Clarel "at a time when no one else alive could make sense of the whole thing. It is the only one of Melville's books that everyone who has now read it was able to read it only because of one person, Bezanson."

Bezanson was in the generation of scholars of the Melville revival who questioned the earlier view that Melville lost interest in writing in the 1850s when his fiction was poorly received. They showed that Melville turned to poetry, which formed the second half of his career.